Parents killing their children is a relatively common crime

By Larry Oakes, Star Tribune –

MINNEAPOLIS — How could any parent kill his own children?

That’s been a typical reaction to the news that Aaron Schaffhausen was accused of slashing the throats of his three young daughters last week in River Falls, Wis.

But the phenomenon, called filicide, is more common than most people might want to believe, and not all parents who do it are mentally unhinged, according to one of the country’s foremost experts.

“The general lay-public response is they must be crazy, but that’s not always the case,” said Dr. Phillip Resnick, a professor of psychiatry at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland. Only some are psychotic, he said, meaning they have no command of what is real.

Resnick, who has for 40 years evaluated parents accused of killing their children, conducted a seminal study on filicide in which he identified five types of the crime.

One type — revenge against a spouse — may best fit the scenario authorities laid out in the charges against Schaffhausen, 34, who was divorced from the girls’ mother in January.

But all the types are represented in high-profile cases from across the country in the past decade or so.

Resnick said one out of every 33 homicides in the United States is the killing of a child under 18 by a parent, or 250 to 300 of the country’s killings each year. In a 2005 study, he found filicide to be the third-leading cause of death of American children ages 5 to 14.

After spouses killing spouses, parents killing children is the most common variety of family homicide, according to a U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics study of homicides from 1976 to 2005.

The charges against Schaffhausen allege that he killed his daughters Amara, 11, Sophie, 8, and Celia, 5, on Tuesday during an unscheduled visit to the River Falls home where they lived with their mother, Jessica. She told police he called her that afternoon and said: “You can come home now because I killed the kids.”

While that scenario — especially the chilling phone call — suggests that Schaffhausen may have killed his daughters to hurt his ex-wife, other factors Resnick found in most revenge-type filicide cases have yet to be demonstrated as part of this case.

“Usually there’s been either a child custody battle or infidelity, and there’s so much anger by the one spouse that they use the children to get back at the other,” Resnick said.

Some parents say they killed the children for their own good, a category Resnick calls the “altruistic type.”

“Often they’ll intend to take their own life and take the children with them as an extended suicide, or they have the delusion the children are better off dead,” Resnick said.

A St. Paul, Minn., woman made such a claim when she was sentenced in 1999 for strangling all six of her children.

“I know I was wrong … but they don’t have to suffer no more,” Khoua Her, 25, told the judge who sentenced her to 50 years in prison. She said her life as a Hmong immigrant had been full of abuse, and she wanted to spare her children the same fate.

When parents kills infants, it’s often because they never wanted the baby—a third type of filicide—or they fatally abuse the baby, a fourth type, Rsnick said.

The fifth type is acute psychosis, a truly mentally ill person who has no comprehensible motive, is delirious or believes someone or something is commanding the killing.

In July 2010, 37-year-old Randel Richardson of Eden Prairie drowned his 7-month-old son, Rowan, in his home’s laundry tub while his wife was shopping. He told authorities he believed he couldn’t provide for his family and wanted to spare the baby from misery.

A judge found Richardson not guilty by reason of mental illness, saying that in his unmedicated state, his reasoning was so defective that he didn’t understand the consequences of what he was doing.